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Why Is My Baby Yellow?

Breaking Down Newborn Jaundice

By Carma Haley Shoemaker

"There is usually nothing a mother can do during her pregnancy to prevent or cause her baby to have jaundice," says Dr. Goldsmith. "In very – and I stress very rare – cases, an extreme physical illness by the mother can have an effect on whether or not her newborn will present with jaundice. But as I said, this is rare."

According to the AAP, while the majority of all babies born have some form of jaundice, the risk rises for babies with serious or severe cases of jaundice. "Most babies have some form of jaundice, generally mild," says Dr. Goldsmith.

Very severe cases can cause brain damage, and Dr. Goldsmith advises that even moderate cases should be given immediate attention. The infant should receive phototherapy under the 'bili lights,' which are specially designed lights that help break down bilirubin.

Although jaundice can be extremely serious, the majority of cases do not call for treatment, but rather, patience. "Generally, the condition of jaundice in newborns is 'treated' with observation," says Dr. Goldsmith. "Most cases are benign and need no real intervention other than observation. However, if needed, cases of jaundice are treated with hydration – orally or intravenously – phototherapy, and, in extreme cases, exchange transfusions to remove excess bilirubin."

With jaundice, any excess levels can offer a risk for complications. The higher the bilirubin levels, the higher the risk. "Jaundice can cause various medical complications, especially at very high levels," says Dr. Goldsmith. "The complications that can occur range from dehydration and organ damage to cerebral palsy, hearing loss, dental displaysia, dehydration and seizures. In rare cases, bilirubin levels have caused brain damage and even death."

Want to see more?

• Newborn Worries: Your Top 10 Questions – Answered!
• Prenatal Screening: The Pros and Cons of Enhanced AFP
• Operating Instructions
• Talk about it!

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