Penny Wade of Sherwood, Ore., is an intelligent, educated mother of one. After having her first child, Wade had difficulty conceiving another. When she did conceive, she couldn't carry the baby to term. She also has hypothyroidism, a disease associated with thyroid antibodies.

In fact, one study conducted by the Endocrine Society of more than 200 women with fertility issues found that those who tested positive for thyroid antibodies prior to receiving fertility treatments were at an increased risk for miscarriage.

"I had no idea that there might have been a connection," says Wade. "Had I known, I might have made other reproductive choices or at least went into the assisted reproductive treatments with more information."

Dr. Kris Poppe, a reproductive endocrinologist from Brussels, Belgium, and one of the authors of the study, found thyroid antibodies in 14 percent of the women in the study. Yet the miscarriage rate for the women who did conceive with fertility treatments was more than 50 percent, compared with only 23 percent in the women negative for thyroid antibodies.

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