Circumcision is the surgical removal of the skin covering the tip of the penis. Some families view circumcision as a religious ritual. It can also be seen as family tradition. For others, however, the procedure seems unnecessary.

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) issued a new policy statement in 1999, determining that the benefits of circumcision aren't strong enough to recommend routine procedure for all male newborns. The AAP encourages parents to make the decision and supports the use of pain medication for the procedure.

Circumcision may have some health benefits, such as:

A decreased risk of urinary tract infections. The risk of urinary tract infections in the first year is low, but these infections may be up to 10 times as common in uncircumcised baby boys.

Prevention of penile problems. Occasionally, the foreskin on an uncircumcised penis may be difficult or impossible to retract. If this problem occurs, a physician can address it.

Decreased risk of penile cancer. Although cancer of the penis is rare, it's less common in circumcised men.

Circumcision also has drawbacks, including:

Surgical risks. Excessive bleeding and infection are uncommon, but possible. The foreskin may be cut too short or too long or fail to heal properly. If the remaining foreskin reattaches to the end of the penis, minor surgery may be needed to correct it.

Pain. Circumcision hurts. Local anesthesia can block nerve sensations during the procedure.

Note: Circumcision does not prevent STDs, including HIIV.

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