Erythromycin is used to prevent gonorrhea and chlamydia infection in the eyes. Approximately 5 percent of birthing women have gonorrhea. Infection can cause blindness if not treated. Some parents who have been recently tested for STDs may choose to waive the eye ointment and watch for signs of infection, such as irritation, oozing, redness. If symptoms occur, they contact their care provider for treatment. Because the eye ointment temporarily affects the baby's vision, parents may wish to request that the ointment be delayed for the first hour or until breastfeeding has occurred.

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