Expert Q&A
I have low blood pressure, both before and now, during my pregnancy. I am in my 20th week and am dizzy very often and have shortness of breath when I go up stairs or carry a light bag of groceries from the car. What effect can low blood pressure have on the fetus and during labor?
Low blood pressure (hypotension) is not generally recognized as a pathological condition in the United States unless it is associated with symptoms. In Europe, however, it is frequently treated, even in the absence of symptoms, despite the fact that there are no studies which support the treatment of hypotension without symptoms. The most frequent symptoms of hypotension are lightheadedness, weakness, fatigue, chest pain, and shortness of breath. Your symptoms of lightheadedness and shortness of breath may not be related to low blood pressure, however, since many other problems can cause those symptoms. During pregnancy, hypotension can result in reduced blood flow to the placenta, reducing oxygen and nutrition delivery to the fetus. This can result in growth problems and reduced amniotic fluid if it is chronic. During labor, it can cause fetal distress if oxygen delivery is reduced acutely. It is very important to establish whether or not your symptoms are due to hypotension. It is possible that you have symptoms from some other process and your hypotension is either unrelated or due to the same process.
By David L. Fay, M.D.
Family Physician
Associate Director, Waukesha Family Practice Residency Program
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