An amniocentesis (also called an "amnio") is a test to check for chromosomal defects and open neural tube defects in the fetus at approximately 15 to 20 weeks of gestation. The test is done by using a long, thin needle to collect a small sample of the amniotic fluid around the placenta. This fluid has fetal cells in it, which contain genetic information. Typically, an ultrasound image helps guide the needle so there is little risk to the fetus. Results from the test are usually available in 10 days to two weeks.

Not all women need an amniocentesis. The procedure is generally offered to women with an abnormal screening test, a family history of genetic abnormalities or women over age 35.

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