Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is not as common as amniocentesis, but it is also a test for genetic defects. The advantage of CVS is that it can be done earlier in the pregnancy, typically at 10 to 12 weeks, leaving the option for terminating the pregnancy available.

CVS involves sampling the placental tissue itself using a catheter through the mother's vagina into the cervix. The disadvantages of CVS are a slightly increased risk to the fetus and the fact that CVS does not detect neural tube defects, so the maternal screen is still necessary.

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