In general the three causes of excessive amniotic fluid are: "unknown," gestational diabetes, and some kinds of birth defects. The "unknown" category is by far the largest and accounts for two-thirds of cases. The need for monitoring is defined by just how much excessive fluid there is and what the cause is. Mothers with diabetes and those who have fetuses with known birth defects are usually observed more closely for a variety of reasons. If the fluid amount is very excessive, expecting mothers can be at increased risk for pre-term labor and in extreme cases, they can even having discomfort breathing."

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